CJK computer science terms comparison

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Greater China, Japan, and Korea, the so-called Sinosphere (漢字文化圈; literally: “Chinese character cultural sphere”), have burrowed many concepts through Sinoxenic vocabularies from the West since the modern era. Some of them have their own translations, but some have imported translations from neighboring countries. In some translations, both native and foreign stems are combined. As a result, Sinosphere countries share a lot of words, but to some extent they have their own parts. And this is no different in computer science translations.

This page contains comparison tables of how computer science terms, mostly derived from English, are translated and called in different regions of Sinosphere.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Contents

Introduction Contents

Cognates Contents

Cognates are words that are derived from one side or share a common etymology.

For example, the English word computer and the Korean word 컴퓨터, the Japanese word 計算科学 (keisan kagaku) and the Chinese word 計算科學 (jìsuàn kēxué), that are both meaning computational science, are cognates.

Cognates are indicated by the same colored border.

Calque (loan translation) Contents

Calque is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.

For example, the Chinese word 軟件 is a translation of the English word software, which translates the English words soft (ruǎn; soft or flexible) and ware (jiàn; clothes or item) respectively.

Matching words/roots between languages in this way are underlined with the same color & shape.

Homophonic translations Contents

For a root transcribed from a foreign word, the original word is displayed on the root.

For example, as the Japanese word コンピュータ (konpyu-ta) is a transcription of English word computer, it is displayed like: コンピュータcomputer.

Romanized pronunciation Contents

The pronunciation of each word is shown in Latin letters in parentheses below the word. The transcription system for each language is as follows:

Mandarin (China & Taiwan)
Hanyu Pinyin
Cantonese (Hong Kong)
Jyutping (Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme)
Japanese
Hepburn romanization
Korean
Revised Romanization of Korean

Basic terms Contents

English Chinese (中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어)
China (中国) Hong Kong (香港) Taiwan (台灣)
computer diàn nǎo (diànnǎo) din6 nou5 (din6nou5) ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄋㄠˇ (diànnǎo) コンピュータcomputer (konpyu-ta) 컴퓨터computer (keompyuteo)
software ruǎn jiàn (ruǎnjiàn) jyun5 gin2 (jyun5gin2) ㄖㄨㄢˇ ㄊㄧˇ (ruǎntǐ) ソフトsoftウェアware (sofutowea) 소프트soft웨어ware (sopeuteuwe-eo)
hardware yìng jiàn (yìngjiàn) ngaang6 gin2 (ngaang6gin2) ㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄧˇ (yìngtǐ) ハードhardウェアware (ha-dowea) 하드hard웨어ware (hadeuwe-eo)
information xìn (xìnxī) zi1seon3 (zi1seon3) ㄒㄩㄣˋ (zīxùn) じょうほう (jouhou) (jeongbo)
seon3sik1 (seon3sik1)
data shù (shùjù) zi1liu2 (zi1liu2) ㄌㄧㄠˋ (zīliào) データdata (de-ta) 데이터data (de-iteo)
sou3 geoi3 (sou3geoi3) (jalyo)
network wǎng luò (wǎngluò) mong5 lok3 (mong5lok3) ㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄨˋ (wǎnglù) ネットnetワークwork (nettowa-ku) 네트net워크work (neteuwokeu)
ネットnet (netto)

Units Contents

English Chinese (中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어)
China (中国) Hong Kong (香港) Taiwan (台灣)
bit 比特bit (bǐtè) wai6jyun4 (wai6jyun4) ㄨㄟˋㄩㄢˊ (wèiyuán) ビットbit (bitto) 비트bit (biteu)
byte jié (zìjié) wai6jyun4 zou2 (wai6jyun4zou2) ㄨㄟˋㄩㄢˊ ㄗㄨˇ (wèiyuánzǔ) バイトbyte (baito) 바이트byte (ba-iteu)
octet jié (bāzìjié) baat3 wai6jyun4zou2 (baat3wai6jyun4zou2) ㄅㄚ ㄨㄟˋㄩㄢˊㄗㄨˇ (bāwèiyuánzǔ) オクテットoctet (okutetto) 옥텟octet (ogtes)
word (zì) zi6 (zi6) ㄗˋ (zì) ワードword (wa-do) 워드word (wodeu)
zi6 zou2 (zi6 zou2) ㄗˋ ㄗㄨˇ (zì zǔ)

Fields of study Contents

English Chinese (中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어)
China (中国) Hong Kong (香港) Taiwan (台灣)
computer science suàn xué (jìsuànjī kēxué) din6nou5 fo1hok6 (din6nou5 fo1hok6) ㄉㄧㄢˋㄋㄠˇ ㄎㄜㄒㄩㄝˊ (diànnǎo kēxué) コンピュータcomputerがく (konpyu-ta kagaku) 컴퓨터computer (keompyuteo gwahag)
けいさん がく (keisanki kagaku) (jeonsanhag)
computational science suàn xué (jìsuàn kēxué) wan6syun3sing3 fo1hok6 (wan6syun3sing3 fo1hok6) ㄐㄧˋㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄎㄜㄒㄩㄝˊ (jìsuàn kēxué) けいさん がく (keisan kagaku) (gyesan gwahag)
theory of computation suàn lùn (jìsuàn lǐlùn) wan6syun3 lei5leon6 (wan6syun3 lei5leon6) ㄐㄧˋㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧˇㄌㄨㄣˋ (jìsuàn lǐlùn) けいさん ろん (keisan riron) (gyesan ilon)
computer engineering suàn gōngchéng (jìsuànjī gōngchéng) din6nou5 gung1cing4 (din6nou5 gung1cing4) ㄉㄧㄢˋㄋㄠˇ ㄍㄨㄥㄔㄥˊ (diànnǎo gōngchéng) けいさん こうがく (keisanki kougaku) 컴퓨터computer (keompyuteo gonghag)
gai3syun3gei1 gung1cing4 (gai3syun3gei1 gung1cing4) コンピュータcomputerこうがく (konpyu-ta kougaku)
software engineering ruǎnjiàn gōngchéng (ruǎnjiàn gōngchéng) jyun5gin2 gung1cing4 (jyun5gin2 gung1cing4) ㄖㄨㄢˇㄊㄧˇ ㄍㄨㄥㄔㄥˊ (ruǎntǐ gōngchéng) ソフトウェアsoftwareこうがく (sofutowea kougaku) 소프트웨어software (sopeuteu-we-eo gonghag)
artificial intelligence réngōng zhìnéng (réngōng zhìnéng) jan4gung1 zi3nang4 (jan4gung1 zi3nang4) ㄖㄣˊㄍㄨㄥ ㄓˋㄋㄥˊ (réngōng zhìnéng) じんこう のう (jinkou chinou) (ingong jineung)
computer security suàn ānquán (jìsuànjī ānquán) din6nou5 bou2on1 (din6nou5 bou2on1) ㄉㄧㄢˋㄋㄠˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ (diànnǎo ānquán) コンピュータcomputerセキュリティsecurity (konpyu-ta sekyuriti) 컴퓨터computer (keompyuteo bo-an)
information technology security (jeongbo gisul bo-an)
cryptography xué (mìmǎxué) mat6maa5 hok6 (mat6maa5hok6) ㄇㄧˋㄇㄚˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ (mìmǎxué) あんごう がく (angougaku) (amhohag)
cryptology あんごう ろん (angou riron) (amho ilon)

Computer programming Contents

English Chinese (中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어)
China (中国) Hong Kong (香港) Taiwan (台灣)
computer programming suàn biānchéng (jìsuànjī biānchéng) din6nou5 cing4sik1 pin1se2 (din6nou5 cing4sik1 pin1se2) ㄉㄧㄢˋㄋㄠˇ ㄔㄥˊㄕˋ ㄕㄜˋㄐㄧˋ (diànnǎo chéngshì shèjì) コンピュータcomputerプログラミングprogramming (konpyu-ta puroguramingu) 컴퓨터computer 프로그래밍programming (keompyuteo peulogeulaeming)
programming chéng shè (chéngxù shèjì) cing4sik1 pin1se2 (cing4sik1 pin1se2) ㄔㄥˊㄕˋ ㄕㄜˋㄐㄧˋ (chéngshì shèjì) プログラミングprogramming (puroguramingu) 프로그래밍programming (peulogeulaeming)
bug lòudòng (lòudòng) co3ng6 (co3ng6) ㄘㄨㄛˋㄨˋ (cuòwù) バグbug (bagu) 버그bug (beogeu)
cuò (cuòwù)
debug tiá shì (tiáshì) ceoi4 co3 (ceoi4co3) ㄔㄨˊ ㄘㄨㄛˋ (chúcuò) deバッグbug (de baggu) de버그bug (dibeogeu)
ㄓㄣ ㄘㄨㄛˋ (zhēncuò)
source code yuán dài (yuán dàimǎ) jyun4ci2 maa5 (jyun4ci2 maa5) ㄩㄢˊㄕˇ ㄇㄚˇ (yuánshǐ mǎ) ソースsourceコードcode (so-suko-do) 소스source 코드code (soseu kodeu)
yuán chéng (yuán chéngxù) jyun4 doi6maa5 (jyun4 doi6maa5) 코드code (wonsi kodeu)
flowchart liúchéng (liúchéngtú) lau4cing4 tou4 (lau4cing4tou4) ㄌㄧㄡˊㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˊ (liúchéngtú) フローflowチャートchart (furo-cha-to) (sunseodo)
なが (nagarezu)
infinite loop xúnhuán (sǐxúnhuán) mou4haan6 wui4hyun1 (mou4haan6 wui4hyun1) ㄨˊㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊㄑㄩㄢ (wúqióng huíquān) げん ループloop (mugen ru-pu) 루프loop (muhan lupeu)
xiàn xúnhuán (wúxiàn xúnhuán) ㄨˊㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊㄑㄩㄢ (wúxiàn huíquān)

Theory of computation Contents

English Chinese (中文) Japanese (日本語) Korean (한국어)
China (中国) Hong Kong (香港) Taiwan (台灣)
algorithm suàn (suànfǎ) jin2syun3 faat3 (jin2syun3faat3) ㄧㄢˇㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ (yǎnsuànfǎ) アルゴリズムalgorithm (arugorizumu) 알고리즘algorithm (algolijeum)
syun3 faat3 (syun3faat3)
Turing completeness 图灵Turingwánbèixìng (Túlíng wánbèixìng) 圖靈Turingjyun4zing2sing3 (Tou4ling4 jyun4zing2sing3) 圖靈Turingㄨㄢˊㄅㄟˋㄒㄧㄥˋ (Túlíng wánbèixìng) チューリングTuringかんぜんせい (Chu-ringu kanzensei) 튜링Turing (Tyuling wanjeonseong)
decision problem juédìngxìng wèn (juédìngxìng wèntí) kyut3ding6sing3 man6tai4 (kyut3ding6sing3 man6tai4) ㄐㄩㄝˊㄉㄧㄥˋㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄣˋㄊㄧˊ (juédìngxìng wèntí) けってい もんだい (kettei mondai) (gyeoljeong munje)
pàndìng wèn (pàndìng wèntí) pun3ding6 man6tai4 (pun3ding6 man6tai4) ㄆㄢˋㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄣˋㄊㄧˊ (pàndìng wèntí) はんてい もんだい (hantei mondai) (panjeong munje)